A Toho kata is not dissimilar to Western military sword drills. It contains all the elements of sword techniques and sequences necessary; assisting the student’s learning and memory.
Centuries ago no written records were kept for various reasons. Instructions, including sword skills, techniques, stances, postures and fighting sequences were often given behind closed doors; only to be passed on to the most trusted disciples of a particular sword fighting style.
Kata give a student the opportunity to train and practice the same movements in sequential order; helping to develop a deeper understanding of the intricacies of swordsmanship.
Originally kata would contain all a sword school's “secret” fencing and fighting techniques as well as secret strategies heihoo kugisho to assure a swordsman's survival in a duel or on the battle-field.